<br />
<b>Warning</b>:  set_query_to_draft(): Argument #2 ($query) must be passed by reference, value given in <b>/home/qukwbj36/public_html/imaginations.space/wp-includes/class-wp-hook.php</b> on line <b>341</b><br />
<br />
<b>Warning</b>:  set_query_to_draft(): Argument #2 ($query) must be passed by reference, value given in <b>/home/qukwbj36/public_html/imaginations.space/wp-includes/class-wp-hook.php</b> on line <b>341</b><br />
<br />
<b>Warning</b>:  set_query_to_draft(): Argument #2 ($query) must be passed by reference, value given in <b>/home/qukwbj36/public_html/imaginations.space/wp-includes/class-wp-hook.php</b> on line <b>341</b><br />
{"id":5777,"date":"2014-10-03T20:34:45","date_gmt":"2014-10-04T02:34:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.csj.ualberta.ca\/imaginations\/?p=5777"},"modified":"2016-02-11T16:53:31","modified_gmt":"2016-02-11T23:53:31","slug":"aussteigen-getting-out-impossible%e2%80%94montage-and-life-scenarios-in-andres-veiel%e2%80%99s-film-black-box-brd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/?p=5777","title":{"rendered":"Aussteigen (getting out) Impossible\u2014Montage and Life Scenarios in Andres Veiel\u2019s Film <em>Black Box BRD<\/em>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/?p=5751\" target=\"_self\">5-2 | Table of Contents<\/a>\u00a0| http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/<span data-sheets-value=\"[null,2,&quot;10.17742\/IMAGE.TGVC.5-2.2&quot;]\" data-sheets-userformat=\"[null,null,577,[null,0],null,null,null,null,null,0,null,null,0]\">10.17742\/IMAGE.TGVC.5-2.2 |\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/5.2.2_Pg_7-28_Seiler.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Seiler PDF<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"sixcol first\">Andres Veiel\u2019s 2001 documentary film, <em>Black Box BRD<\/em>, links the biography of Alfred Herrhausen, RAF victim, with one of the 3<span style=\"font-size: 11px;\">rd<\/span> generation RAF terrorists, Wolfgang Grams. In my paper, I trace how the film\u2019s aesthetics\u00a0introduce an image montage of two life scenarios by establishing both parallels and contrast, and therefore, following Susan Haywards\u00a0definition \u201ccreates a third meaning\u201d (112). I examine how the film establishes an aesthetic concept of <em>Aussteigen<\/em> (getting out)\u2014along of the alive, visible bodies\u2014the contemporary interviewees, and dead, invisible bodies\u2014of Herrhausen and Grams.<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><div class=\"sixcol last\">Le documentaire <em>Black Box BRD<\/em> d&#8217;Andreas Veiel explore la biographie d&#8217;Alfred Herrhausen, victime de la Fraction arm\u00e9e rouge (RAF), en lien avec le portrait de Wolfgang Grams, l&#8217;un des terroristes du groupe de la troisi\u00e8me g\u00e9n\u00e9ration. Dans mon expos\u00e9, je montre les proc\u00e9d\u00e9s esth\u00e9tiques du film qui \u00e9tablit des parall\u00e8les et contrastes entre deux sc\u00e9narios de vie par un syst\u00e8me de montage d&#8217;images, et donc, comme le sugg\u00e8re Susan Haywards, &#8220;cr\u00e9e un troisi\u00e8me sens\u00bb (Hayward 112). J&#8217;examine comment le film met en place une esth\u00e9tique de l&#8217;Aussteigen (&#8220;se retirer&#8221;) &#8211; le long des corps vivants et visibles\u2014ceux des interview\u00e9s contemporains, et des corps morts et invisibles\u2014ceux de Herrhausen et Grams.<\/div><div class=\"clearfix\"><\/div><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Anja Katharina Seiler | The University of Tennessee, Knoxville<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Aussteigen (getting out) Impossible\u2014Montage and Life Scenarios in Andres Veiel\u2019s Film <em>Black Box BRD<\/em><\/h4>\n<h4><strong>Introduction<a id=\"_ednref1\" href=\"#_edn1\"><strong>[1]<\/strong><\/a>\u2014What is in the \u2018black box\u2019?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"cb-dropcap-small\">T<\/span>he RAF (Red Army Faction) proclaimed its self-dissolution in March 1998. The almost twenty-eight year revolution took its toll\u2014twenty-six dead people in the ranks of the RAF and 34 murder victims, numerous violent abductions, bank robberies, and bomb attacks. At the turn of the millennium, \u201ca chapter\u201d in the Bundesrepublik Deutschland (BRD), the former Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), \u201cclosed,\u201d and at the same time an opportunity presented itself for society \u201cto come to terms with the causes,\u201d aftermath and the effects of left-wing terrorism (Volk 9).<a id=\"_ednref2\" href=\"#_edn2\">[2]<\/a> In terms of the \u201ccollective memory\u201d<a id=\"_ednref3\" href=\"#_edn3\">[3]<\/a> of the RAF, what is foremost present in people\u2019s minds are the iconic images of the first-generation RAF, including Andreas Baader and Ulrike Meinhof, their arrests, the mug shots, their imprisonment in isolation in Stuttgart-Stammheim, which then led to the actions of the second-generation. Mostly known is the Commando \u201cBig Raushole\u201d (Big Break Out)\u2014the code word that the second-generation RAF used for the planned liberation of Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin, and other first-generation RAF members who were imprisoned in Stammheim (Passmore 109).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In his 2001 documentary film <em>Black Box BRD<\/em><a id=\"_ednref4\" href=\"#_edn4\">[4]<\/a><em>,<\/em> Andres Veiel shifts focus to the more cerebral third-generation that was active between the early 1980s until the liquidation of the group in 1998.<a id=\"_ednref5\" href=\"#_edn5\">[5]<\/a> Unlike in the 1970s, the RAF was by then quite isolated from the radical left wing in the BRD and without an extensive net of sympathizers (Veiel, \u201cBlack Box BRD\u201d 270). The third-generation instead perpetrated specific systematic assaults (Volk 22), such as the bomb attack on the Rhein-Main Air Base on August 9, 1985, the murder of the Deutsche Bank CEO Alfred Herrhausen on November 30, 1989, and the execution of the president of the <em>Treuhandgesellschaft<\/em> (trust company), Detlev Carsten Rohwedder on April 1, 1991 (25).<a id=\"_ednref6\" href=\"#_edn6\">[6]<\/a> The third-generation RAF supposedly carried out ten murders between 1985 and 1993. Wolfgang Grams and Birgit Hogefeld reputedly acted as commandos of these operations (Veiel, \u201cBlack Box BRD\u201d 211). Left-wing terror was not yet at an end, but the third-generation itself and then society\u2019s coping with the terror caused by the third-generation took a different path. Herrhausen\u2019s assassination, in particular, \u201csoon disappeared from the headlines.\u201d The \u201creunification\u201d of the BRD and the Deutsche Demokratische Republik (the German Democratic Republic, or GDR) was right around the corner. \u201cThe murder and its aftermath\u201d got lost in the excitement about \u201cthe tremendous political changes at that time\u201d (Veiel, \u201cBlack Box BRD\u201d 267).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The film, as pointed out in the research, approaches the topic of the third-generation RAF by developing parallel portraits of RAF victim and Deutsche Bank CEO Herrhausen and the murdered RAF terrorist Grams (Homewood, \u201cMaking Invisible History Visible\u201d 231) (see figs. 1 and 2). By interviewing associated people from the respective social spheres of both Herrhausen and Grams, Veiel creates a montage<a id=\"_ednref7\" href=\"#_edn7\">[7]<\/a> of two \u2018life scenarios\u2019\u2014a term I use to highlight the constructedness of the \u201cfilm narrative\u201d (Trnka 4)\u2014that at first appearance do not have much in common (Trnka 11). While some scholars (Homewood, \u201cChallenging the Taboo\u201d and \u201cMaking Invisible History Visible\u201d) draw upon theories of \u201ccollective memory\u201d to read Veiel\u2019s approach, I will pursue, following Sabine Hake\u2019s labeling of <em>Black Box BRD<\/em> as an \u201cessay film\u201d (211) the question of how the film portrays two human beings in their absence, establishes an aesthetic image concept of <em>Aussteigen<\/em> (getting out), and communicates the driving forces for their personal and political acts (Volk 9, also Griese, Palfreyman, Trnka<a id=\"_ednref8\" href=\"#_edn8\">[8]<\/a>). Through the montage of the images of the living and dead, the visible and invisible bodies, also emerges an image of a nation at a specific time period, the beginning of the twenty-first century, which has been coined by the so called \u2018<em>Erinnerungsboom\u2019<\/em> (boom of remembrance) of both the Second World War and left wing terror.<a id=\"_ednref9\" href=\"#_edn9\">[9]<\/a> Therefore, according to Homewood and Trnka, the two threads of Herrhausen and Grams could also be read on a larger scale as the narrative, namely a montaged portrait of the BRD, as the film title suggests\u2014meant to \u201cdemystify\u201d the third-generation (Thomas Elsaesser 12) This \u2018demystification\u2019 is still going on today, as there was the twentieth anniversary of Bad Kleinen on June 27, 2013. Twenty years after Bad Kleinen, the media and the research on the topic still discuss, to quote Butz Peter\u2019s book title, <em>The last myth of Bad Kleinen<\/em>.<a id=\"_ednref10\" href=\"#_edn10\">[10]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Veiel, as a director in the early 2000\u2019s, was able to take a neutral stance on the left and right even though he cannot be completely neutral, since he is a product of his society and its historical movement (Volk 9\u201310). Although the film is a documentary and not a narrative fiction, the director chose the images we see, and thereby manipulates the viewer\u2019s understanding of the topic. <em>Black Box BRD\u2019s<\/em> film aesthetics establish a montage of double subjective narrators\u2014the interviewees that tell their story and the story line cut by the director.<a id=\"_ednref11\" href=\"#_edn11\">[11]<\/a> This approach is subjective and selective (Volk 10) and highlights the subjectivity of what might be a \u2018collective memory\u2019 and how it is a mystification (Assmann 188).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In this essay, I will analyze how Herrhausen\u2019s and Grams\u2019s contemporaries represent themselves and are, in turn, represented by the filmmaker in montage. After discussing a few theoretical thoughts on the film\u2019s specific documentary style, I will focus on selected images and sequences that capture the similarities and differences between Herrhausen and Grams. Finally, taking into account Veiel\u2019s book and interview statements, I will show how the montage narratives create a \u201cframing\u201d (Hayward 162) of the concept of <em>Aussteigen<\/em>, tying in a larger framework of the nature of the third-generation RAF and Germany\u2019s failure to process this final phase of RAF terrorism.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The factual uncertainty of Grams\u2019s involvement in Herrhausen\u2019s murder makes the approach of this documentary more interesting. Through its refusal to answer this question definitely (Volk 10), the film maintains its tension (\u00d6hner 25). It focuses on the tragic-moral question, which is continually intensified throughout the film, of whether Grams is Herrhausen\u2019s murderer. This effect results from the documentary\u2019s technique of omitting a direct interviewer (Griese 166).<a id=\"_ednref12\" href=\"#_edn12\">[12]<\/a> It plays with this trope by establishing \u201ca comparative temporal structure that analyzes,\u201d according to Christina Gerhardt in her essay on \u2018Narrating Terrorism,\u2019 \u201cevents both synchronically and diachronically\u201d (66). On a synchronic level, the film portrays Grams and Herrhausen. \u201cThe majority of films about the RAF organize their narratives diachronically\u201d (66).<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Herrhausen and Grams\u2014how their paths (may have) crossed<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"cb-dropcap-small\">T<\/span>he film starts by elaborating on how Herrhausen\u2019s and Grams\u2019s paths (may have) crossed. On September 11, 1977, the board member of the Deutsche Bank, Alfred Herrhausen wrote a letter with the following words: \u201cIn the case of somebody kidnapping me, I do not want the government to respond to the kidnapper\u2019s extortion, which is against the constitutional democracy.\u201d<a id=\"_ednref13\" href=\"#_edn13\">[13]<\/a> He put the letter in his night table, consciously taking this action five days after the kidnapping of Hanns-Martin Schleyer, at that time <em>deutscher Arbeitgeberpr\u00e4sident<\/em> (President of the German Employers\u2019 Association) who was later killed by the RAF on September 18 (Veiel, \u201cBlack Box BRD\u201d 118). Herrhausen wrote this testament during the so called \u2018German Autumn,\u2019 a set of events in late 1977 that included kidnapping and murder by the second-generation RAF, who demanded, according to their <em>Big Raushole<\/em> commando, the release of RAF members detained in prison. Herrhausen knew, in tragic foreshadowing, that he could be on the list of the RAF (118). Twelve years later, on November 30, 1989, Alfred Herrhausen\u2019s wife Traudl hears a bomb detonate: her husband has been killed on his way to work just a few minutes after he left the house (9).<a id=\"_ednref14\"><\/a>[14]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Today it is still not clear who killed Herrhausen (22), but the third-generation RAF member Wolfgang Grams is suspected \u201cto have been implicated in the murder\u201d (Gerhardt 66), though this has never been verified. He was never charged with the assassination, since he died in an operation by the counter terrorism GSG9 commando on June 27, 1993 in the Mecklenburg town of Bad Kleinen (Homewood, \u201cChallenging\u201d 120). The unit member Michael Newrzella was shot by Grams and died from these wounds. Grams, also severely wounded, died shortly after Newrzella. It has never been resolved whether Grams committed suicide or whether he was mortally shot (Veiel, \u201cBlack Box BRD\u201d 275). That led to conspiracy theories questioning the role of the Federal Republic of Germany, confidential informants and intelligence services being possibly involved in the murder of Grams (21\u201322). The confidential informant, Klaus Steinmetz, who worked for the <em>Verfassungsschutz Rheinland-Pfalz <\/em>(Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution Rhineland-Palatine), and who had held a position in the commando level of the RAF since 1991, had initiated the stop at the train station in Bad Kleinen, after he led himself toward the RAF since 1991 (273\u201374). Grams\u2019s girlfriend, Birgit Hogefeld, also present in Bad Kleinen, got arrested for various charges caused by the RAF (274). She was released in 2011 from prison as the last RAF member.<a id=\"_ednref15\" href=\"#_edn15\">[15]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Veiel identifies two \u201ctension-filled subjects\u201d by linking these two biographies. Furthermore, the film tells us, as the title suggests, about a \u201cblind spot,\u201d the unresolved case, in the history of the RAF terror in the BRD, and it attempts to offer insights in to this black box (Griese 170). The uneasiness of the unresolved case enhances the viewer\u2019s understanding. Pairing Herrhausen and Grams is a way to demystify the unsolved case\u2014a risky approach since one can easily undermine the assumption that Grams killed Herrhausen (\u00d6hner 25).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-1_Seiler.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5785\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/?attachment_id=5785\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-1_Seiler.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,576\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Image 1_Seiler\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-1_Seiler-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5785\" title=\"Image 1_Seiler\" src=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-1_Seiler.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-1_Seiler.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-1_Seiler-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-1_Seiler-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Fig. 1<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-2_Seiler.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5786\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/?attachment_id=5786\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-2_Seiler.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,576\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Image 2_Seiler\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-2_Seiler-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5786\" title=\"Image 2_Seiler\" src=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-2_Seiler.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"639\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-2_Seiler.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-2_Seiler-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-2_Seiler-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Fig. 2<\/p>\n<h4><strong>A black box within a black box\u2014a documentary without commentator <\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"cb-dropcap-small\">T<\/span>he film succeeds through the montage and the double narrator \u201cwithout a moderating voice\u201d (Palfreyman 32). At first glance, the story-telling technique uses no explicit narrator. The interviewer Veiel is \u201cvisually\u201d and \u201cacoustically\u201d absent (Griese 166). In the interview sequences, no questions are explicitly posed. In addition, old photo and film material is provided and edited in-between the close-up interview sequences. Panoramic shots of Frankfurt alternate with interviews and re-contextualized passed-on images of the main events in the history of the RAF and the BRD to establish a common thread (Palfreyman 29).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Michael Haberlander highlights pointedly in his review<a id=\"_ednref16\" href=\"#_edn16\">[16]<\/a> that the viewer does not need any <em>\u201cDenkhilfen\u201d<\/em> (clue indications) to \u201cvisualize the set of events and the people involved,\u201d and nor even to \u201csee through\u201d to the\u2014\u201cto some extent\u201d\u2014\u201c<em>haneb\u00fcchene Geschw\u00e4tz<\/em>\u201d (outrageous gibberish) as enacted in the set of the following three scenes (Haberlander): Herrhausen\u2019s twin sister, Anne Koch is positioned in front of deer antlers, as she explains how her brother always worked harder than the mediocre majority of society (fig. 3). The antiquated antlers underline the absurdness of Koch\u2019s expressed Protestant work ethic (Trnka 15). Paul Brandt, a friend of Herrhausen, sits in front of a pole dancer and smirks as he describes how much Herrhausen enjoyed these nights of sexual entertainment (fig. 4). In the next scene, Gerd B\u00f6h, a close companion of Grams, sits in front of his bourgeois arbor, wearing a handlebar moustache, as he explains \u201cthat one had to see the big bosses\u201d only \u201c<em>in ihrer Funktion<\/em>\u201d (in their function) (fig. 5).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-3_Seiler.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5788\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/?attachment_id=5788\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-3_Seiler.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,576\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Image 3_Seiler\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-3_Seiler-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5788\" title=\"Image 3_Seiler\" src=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-3_Seiler.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-3_Seiler.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-3_Seiler-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-3_Seiler-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\" \/><\/a>Fig. 3<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-4_Seiler.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5789\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/?attachment_id=5789\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-4_Seiler.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,576\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Image 4_Seiler\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-4_Seiler-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5789\" title=\"Image 4_Seiler\" src=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-4_Seiler.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-4_Seiler.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-4_Seiler-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-4_Seiler-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Fig. 4<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-5_Seiler.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5790\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/?attachment_id=5790\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-5_Seiler.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,576\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Image 5_Seiler\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-5_Seiler-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5790\" title=\"Image 5_Seiler\" src=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-5_Seiler.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-5_Seiler.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-5_Seiler-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-5_Seiler-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Fig. 5<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The film enters the hidden politic of a documentary without commentary. It is up to the viewer to balance out the dissonance of the images and statements. It is obvious: The dramaturgy is conceptualized by the director beforehand. It is a montage. In an interview about his documentary style, Veiel commented on his film technique: \u201cThere\u2019s a fine line between my own dramaturgical wish for the development of a person and its own reality. And naturally they collide.\u201d<a id=\"_ednref17\" href=\"#_edn17\">[17]<\/a> I read this as a double subjectivity established throughout the film via a double narrator.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Veiel describes his work \u201cas some sort of scientific expedition\u201d: \u201cThat means, there are always certain phenomena in reality,\u201d the director states, \u201cthat are seemingly fast and easy to explain. And I see my task in [\u2026] digging deeper into these phenomenaid=&#8221;_ednref18&#8243; href=&#8221;#_edn18&#8243;&gt;[18] The thesis of montage first posed at the beginning conflates with the complexity and depth of the \u201cpsychological.\u201d The consequential suggestion is maintained through the film, since it narrates two cases of political murder, avoids putting Grams and Herrhausen in pre-assumed roles of antagonists\u2014\u201cperpetrator and victim,\u201d respectively (Homewood, \u201cMaking Invisble History Visible\u201d 231).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Through its narrative style, the film establishes parallels since the life scenarios are stringently and diachronically reconstructed from childhood to their deaths. At the end, the film suggests, that both were in their own way <em>Aussteiger<\/em> (escapist) and idealists pursuing the same ideological movement: Herrhausen could not support the stringently capitalist course of the Deutsche Bank anymore and recommended the remission of the Third World\u2019s debts (Veiel, \u201cBlack Box BRD\u201d 247). Veiel, in his book <em>Black Box BRD<\/em>, revealed that Herrhausen stepped back from being the speaker of the Deutsche Bank two days before his assassination (259). Grams, on the other hand, supposedly had thoughts about <em>aussteigen<\/em> (getting out) as well but failed to find a way to escape life underground (273). He and his girlfriend Birgit Hogefeld stayed in contact with family and friends. She even dreamed about having children and putting the weapons down, according to Matthias Dittmer, a friend of Grams who met him in 1992 while he and Hogefeld lived underground (272\u201373). Herrhausen and Grams shared, the viewer could assume, the similar status of men who died as a result of their assumed political views. Both seem to have felt uncomfortable in their political boxes. The film plays with this consistent alternation between biographical and political motives of acting. The principle of the \u201cblind spot\u201d (Griese 170), the blank space between the \u201cpolitical sphere and the personal\u201d (167) safe haven, the uneasiness about the unresolved case, reappears as a theme in the interviews of their companions. The film avoids explanations. Rather, like Vr\u00e4\u00e4th \u00d6hner suggests in the film journal <em>\u00c4sthetik &amp; Kommunikation<\/em> (Aesthetics &amp; Communication), it might lend the reconstructed life scenarios toward an air of \u201cGerman idealism,\u201d since both Herrhausen and Grams are distinguished in their \u201cunconditional commitment to their beliefs.\u201d<a id=\"_ednref19\" href=\"#_edn19\">[19]<\/a> The film traces the events and connections of two biographies but does not \u201cinvestigate further possible evidence for distinction\u201d (\u00d6hner 24). On the contrary, \u00d6hner remarks, \u201creconstruction of the past results in blurriness.\u201d \u201cOppositions are softened and convergence established through,\u201d for example, Grams\u2019s father\u2019s past in the <em>Waffen SS<\/em> and Herrhausen attending an elite Nazi school (25). Towards the end, the film furthers this point, most obviously in Herrhausen\u2019s project of debt forgiveness for Third World countries and in Grams\u2019s wish to end living underground.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Following \u00d6hner\u2019s critical statement of \u2018blurred oppositions\u2019: Does the film suggest, that RAF member and Deutsche Bank spokesperson, potential perpetrator and victim, in the end both were tragically fighting, but on opposite ends of the political spectrum? It is important to take into account the function of this \u201cblurriness,\u201d \u00d6hner states (25). Through the biographical narration, the political differences of these two enemies would get resolved. This only works because of the film\u2019s \u201creconstruction of continuities and breaks\u201d in the life scenarios (25). Although I agree with parts of \u00d6hner\u2019s interpretation, I believe that the film does establish significant aesthetic evidence for distinction in the montage of the concept of <em>Aussteigen<\/em> (getting out)\u2014the alive, visible bodies of the interviewees in contrast to the dead bodies of Herrhausen and Grams.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Montage of the contemporaries\u2014alive, visible bodies <\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"cb-dropcap-small\">H<\/span>ow and in which spaces does the film deal with and represent the contemporaries, the alive and visible bodies? <em>Black Box BRD<\/em> is a puzzle of contrary images that uses the question of the legitimation of violence to pursue a higher idea\u2014the \u201cblurriness\u201d (\u00d6hner 25) supports the concept of the idea of <em>Aussteigen <\/em>(getting out)\u2014through the personal and familial development of both protagonists (Griese 167). While this is a reconstruction and a form of remembrance by means of a montage of different voices, it simultaneously describes the slow and inevitable defeat of both Herrhausen\u2019s and Grams\u2019s ideals. This is in spite of and in addition to their real and abrupt loss of life (172). In the following, I will trace selected sequences showing the montage of the contemporaries to be exemplary of the montage of the \u201cslow erosion\u201d of beliefs (172).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Traudl Herrhausen describes the night before the day her husband was murdered (fig. 5).<a id=\"_ednref20\" href=\"#_edn20\">[20]<\/a> She has tears in her eyes as she recalls that they talked about his status as CEO of the Deutsche Bank. He was upset that his financial goals were continually at odds with the board. Traudl tried to take a conciliatory position, to which Herrhausen responded: \u201cIf even you don&#8217;t support my decision, if even you have qualms, if even you don&#8217;t stand by me, then how should I carry on?\u201d<a id=\"_ednref21\" href=\"#_edn21\">[21]<\/a> What Veiel discovered and published in the book was that Herrhausen announced his resignation as the speaker of the Deutsche Bank on November 28, 1989, two days before his assassination (Veiel, \u201cBlack Box BRD\u201d 259). The film uses a photograph to introduce the story of Traudl and the couple\u2019s first encounter in Texas (fig. 7). It seemed to have been love at first sight; Traudl smirks as she narrates how this gentleman she had just met addressed her formally with the German \u201c<em>Sie<\/em>,<em>\u201d<\/em> saying right away \u201c<em>I would like to marry you!<\/em>\u201d<em>\u2014<\/em>after knowing each other for three days\u2014\u201c<em>You are crazy! You ARE married!<\/em>\u201d she replies.<a id=\"_ednref22\" href=\"#_edn22\">[22]<\/a> Shortly after, Herrhausen was the first active board member in the history of the Deutsche Bank to go through a divorce (Veiel, \u201cBlack Box BRD\u201d 114). When Traudl gets the testament letter out of the drawer and reads aloud what her husband has written with regard to a possible kidnapping, it leaves her speechless (fig. 7). The direct confrontation with the past demands much from her, and the letter seems to have become Traudl Herrhausen\u2019s own personal symbol of her husband\u2019s ability to make the right decisions.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-6_Seiler.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5791\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/?attachment_id=5791\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-6_Seiler.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,576\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Image 6_Seiler\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-6_Seiler-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5791\" title=\"Image 6_Seiler\" src=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-6_Seiler.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-6_Seiler.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-6_Seiler-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-6_Seiler-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Fig. 6<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-7_Seiler.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5792\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/?attachment_id=5792\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-7_Seiler.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,576\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Image 7_Seiler\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-7_Seiler-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5792\" title=\"Image 7_Seiler\" src=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-7_Seiler.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-7_Seiler.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-7_Seiler-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-7_Seiler-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Fig. 7<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-8_Seiler.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5793\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/?attachment_id=5793\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-8_Seiler.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,576\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Image 8_Seiler\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-8_Seiler-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5793\" title=\"Image 8_Seiler\" src=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-8_Seiler.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-8_Seiler.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-8_Seiler-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-8_Seiler-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Fig. 8<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Moments like the one described above illustrate the film\u2019s documentary genre and, in particular, a documentary without direct narration. It becomes graspable how subjective memory actually is. This raises a question as to the legitimacy of actively coping with the past through the use of violence since interpreting the past is subjective. Herrhausen\u2019s testament was a preventive, rational, and counter-violent act.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the following scene, Grams\u2019s father also addresses the issue of violence and rational acting when talking about his own participatory guilt in the Nazi Regime, and he comments on the similarity in structures between the Nazis and the RAF (Trnka 12) (fig. 9). By coping with his own past, Werner Grams reenacts his son\u2019s decision and way underground. Trnka states about the often-referenced scene when Grams\u2019s father \u201cspeaks about his participation in the War\u201d: \u201cPalpable discomfort, regret, and fear dominate his expression and body language [\u2026]\u201d (Trnka 13). In this specific scene, Werner grows silent; the spectator experiences how hard it is to hate even the ones that perpetrated war crimes during the Second World War. The death of his son has changed him (Veiel, \u201cBlack Box BRD\u201d 26). He starts to ask himself questions about his guilt in the Second World War: \u201cJoining the Waffen-SS was like an inner compulsion.\u201d<a id=\"_ednref23\" href=\"#_edn23\">[23]<\/a> The father searches for a fictional dialog\u2014necessary since his son is dead\u2014through the channel of the film. His search illustrates the societal implications of the generational problem, as Griese points out, since Wolfgang Grams always questioned and criticized his father\u2019s past (168). Upon reflection, Werner Grams almost believes that his son also experienced a certain \u201ccompulsion\u201d in his decision to fight for the RAF. Wolfgang Grams was imprisoned before he went underground. Werner Grams tells about his son\u2019s prison conditions and Wolfgang getting reparations for being kept in prison in 1978 for over 152 days without being charged with a crime (Veiel, \u201cBlack Box BRD\u201d 161). He seems to understand why his son was fed up with the state\u2019s political acts: \u201cThey accused him, in a manner of speaking, of being among the sympathizers [of the RAF] and doing courier services, and even supposedly transporting weapons. So I said to him, \u2018Wolfgang, it is your decision, what you do in your life, by all means, your parent\u2019s home remains always open.\u2019\u201d<a id=\"_ednref24\"><\/a>[24]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-8_Seiler1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5794\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/?attachment_id=5794\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-8_Seiler1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,576\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Image 8_Seiler\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-8_Seiler1-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5794\" title=\"Image 8_Seiler\" src=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-8_Seiler1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-8_Seiler1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-8_Seiler1-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-8_Seiler1-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Fig. 8<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-9_Seiler.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5795\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/?attachment_id=5795\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-9_Seiler.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,576\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Image 9_Seiler\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-9_Seiler-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5795\" title=\"Image 9_Seiler\" src=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-9_Seiler.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-9_Seiler.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-9_Seiler-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-9_Seiler-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Fig. 9<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-10_Seiler.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5796\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/?attachment_id=5796\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-10_Seiler.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,576\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Image 10_Seiler\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-10_Seiler-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5796\" title=\"Image 10_Seiler\" src=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-10_Seiler.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-10_Seiler.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-10_Seiler-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-10_Seiler-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Fig. 10<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Right after the father\u2019s emotional engagement with the past, the film enlarges upon the question of how Grams became connected with terrorism and his own legitimization of violence (Homewood \u201cChallenging the Taboo\u201d 119). Gerd B\u00f6h, a friend of Grams from the RAF sympathizer scene (Veiel, \u201cBlack Box BRD\u201d 122), relates that Grams pushed himself further to dehumanize his targets \/ enemies. B\u00f6h builds on the question of hate but also the legitimization of violence that has been addressed already by Werner Grams. This transition scene approaches this issue from a different, one could say, left wing, insider perspective and opens up, according to \u00d6hner, interesting \u201cconverging points\u201d (\u00d6hner 24). Grams believed, according to B\u00f6h\u2019s recapitulation one of their many discussions (Veiel, \u201cBlak Box BRD\u201d 164), that \u201cone should be able to project so much hate that one would be able to kill somebody with one\u2019s owns hands\u201d (Veiel \u201cBlack Box BRD\u201d 165).<a id=\"_ednref25\" href=\"#_edn25\">[25]<\/a> Hanging up a cloth in his arbor, B\u00f6h describes this process of dehumanization (fig. 10). Even though the cloth says \u201cThe fallen continue to live in our battle [\u2026],\u201d<a id=\"_ednref26\" href=\"#_edn26\">[26]<\/a> he and his petit bourgeois settlement seem quite far from any real political radicalization and far from seeing the human being merely as his \u201cfunction.\u201d He was not able to take this step of radicalization of killing somebody (Veiel \u201cBlack Box BRD\u201d 140). Though Griese claims that the film \u201cbreaks apart old stereotypes and does not establish new ones\u201d (Griese 172), the aforementioned scene would seem to undermine her argument. B\u00f6h himself, a former RAF sympathizer, is portrayed as a conformist. The cloth serves as the last expression of his long gone revolutionary past. Ironically, what Traudl Herrhausen, Werner Grams, and Gerd B\u00f6h have in common, are doubts on how they might have contributed to both Herrhausen\u2019s and Grams\u2019 social \u201cisolation\u201d (Homewood, \u201cChallenging the Taboo\u201d 123). And this enactment stands in contrast to the outlined motive of the process of dehumanization. Traudl Herrhausen, Werner Grams and Gerd B\u00f6h are far from dehumanized narrators of their memories.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Later when Hilmar Kopper, former Deutsche Bank spokesperson, talks about Alfred Herrhausen\u2019s persistent wish and mission to erase the Third World\u2019s dept, the tendency to depersonalize human beings is reversed in an ironic and tragic way: Herrhausen, in Kopper\u2019s eyes, ignored the impact of possible debt relief on the Deutsche Bank. According to Kopper, Herrhausen did not, however ironically, see the bank in its main function of raising capital. Veiel, in his accompanying book, informs his audience that Kopper was announced as the new Head of the Board one day after Herrhausen\u2019s funeral (Veiel, \u201cBlack Box BRD\u201d 264). In the film, Kopper sits in front of a significant artwork, <em>Couple<\/em> by the Russian artist Maxim Kantor (fig. 11). The painting shows two gaunt male figures clinging to each other, seeking shelter. Having himself presented in front of this piece of art raises uneasy questions about Kopper\u2019s loyalty towards Herrhausen. Kopper not only located himself in front of this specific painting in the film, but also had himself portrayed in front of the painting in 2002 by the photographer Wonge Bergmann.<a id=\"_ednref27\" href=\"#_edn27\">[27]<\/a> The gaunt male figures do not speak for Kopper\u2019s empathy. This setting raises questions about Kopper\u2019s \u201creputation and function as a representative of a bank\u201d and \u201cweakens his credibility\u201d (Ullrich 31).<a id=\"_ednref28\" href=\"#_edn28\">[28]<\/a> In the context of the film, the portrait is symbolically laden; it puts another complexion on Kopper\u2019s and Herrhausen\u2019s male friendship, and perhaps symbolizes the possible dependency of the positions in the Deutsche Bank.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-12_Seiler.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5797\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/?attachment_id=5797\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-12_Seiler.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,576\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Image 12_Seiler\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-12_Seiler-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5797\" title=\"Image 12_Seiler\" src=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-12_Seiler.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-12_Seiler.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-12_Seiler-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-12_Seiler-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Fig. 12<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-13_Seiler.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5798\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/?attachment_id=5798\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-13_Seiler.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,576\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Image 13_Seiler\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-13_Seiler-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5798\" title=\"Image 13_Seiler\" src=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-13_Seiler.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-13_Seiler.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-13_Seiler-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-13_Seiler-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Fig. 13<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-14_Seiler.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5799\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/?attachment_id=5799\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-14_Seiler.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,576\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Image 14_Seiler\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-14_Seiler-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5799\" title=\"Image 14_Seiler\" src=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-14_Seiler.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-14_Seiler.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-14_Seiler-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-14_Seiler-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Fig. 14<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The selected scenes illustrate a major element of the film: the characters are filmed in their assumed safe spaces, thereby presenting their backdrops as reflections of their persona. In addition, the film uses a sharp cutting of the scenes by stringing together the specific spaces and topographies by which Herrhausen and Grams were surrounded (figs. 12\u201314). The different topographies also are markers for social class (Trnka 15). The air-to-air shots above the financial district in Frankfurt and the glass facades of the Deutsche Bank towers contrast with the enclosed, bourgeois spaces like the dining room of Ruth and Werner Grams. This draws attention to Frankfurt am Main and Wiesbaden as scenes of public, therefore political action (11). The already mentioned dissonance, directness and missing annotation shape the message of the film \u2013 the viewer has to deal with the uneasiness of an unresolved case since the film does not explain the context stringently.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The private film recordings of both main protagonists, on the other hand, often appear artificially aged, an aspect that is pointed out by the research addressing \u201cHerrhausen\u2019s generational position between Grams\u2019s father and Grams\u201d (Trnka 15). Private film recordings switch with tracking shots of, amongst others, the Frankfurt financial district, Gerd B\u00f6h\u2019s arbor, the living room of Ruth and Werner Grams and Traudl Herrhausen\u2019s house (18). The montage positions the dead bodies of Herrhausen and Grams in the year of the film\u2019s making, in 2001, and claim an assurance of their former presence in this world. It is a look into the \u201cinternal structures\u201d of both Deutsche Bank and the left wing sympathizer scene, specifically, how somebody could have decided to go underground and fight radically while some of the former sympathizers decided to go a different path.<a id=\"_ednref29\" href=\"#_edn29\">[29]<\/a> These shots, in combination with the historical material, also tell the story of West Germany (Gerhardt 65) and tie the depersonalized mug shots of the RAF members into a larger frame of the private and public political sphere (Trnka 16) (fig. 15). The film, instead of viewing the victim and perpetrator \u201cin their functions,\u201d uses their biographical details to portray them as individuals.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Montage of Herrhausen and Grams\u2014dead, invisible bodies <\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Not only are mug shots of Grams shown, but also pictures from his youth (fig. 16).<a id=\"_ednref30\" href=\"#_edn30\">[30]<\/a> As Homewood summarizes, \u201cSuper 8mm film footage of a family holiday in Spain shows a playful Grams emerge from a half-buried position in the sand (Homewood, \u201cMaking Invisible History Visible\u201d 239).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-15_Seiler.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5800\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/?attachment_id=5800\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-15_Seiler.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,576\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Image 15_Seiler\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-15_Seiler-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5800\" title=\"Image 15_Seiler\" src=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-15_Seiler.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-15_Seiler.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-15_Seiler-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-15_Seiler-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Fig. 15<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-16_Seiler.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5801\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/?attachment_id=5801\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-16_Seiler.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,576\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Image 16_Seiler\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-16_Seiler-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5801\" title=\"Image 16_Seiler\" src=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-16_Seiler.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-16_Seiler.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-16_Seiler-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-16_Seiler-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Fig. 16<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-17_Seiler.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5802\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/?attachment_id=5802\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-17_Seiler.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,576\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Image 17_Seiler\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-17_Seiler-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5802\" title=\"Image 17_Seiler\" src=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-17_Seiler.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-17_Seiler.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-17_Seiler-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-17_Seiler-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Fig. 17<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">How hard it is to grasp the gap between the beloved son and the publically hunted terrorist on the mug shots is shown in the scene in which Ruth Grams presents an art work that her son embroidered underground (fig. 17). The tapestry shows a coast-line, sand, and a ship with hoisted sails. Homewood compares Ruth Grams\u2019s interpretation of the tapestry with \u201cthe task of the spectator\u201d (124)\u2014the interpretation of Grams\u2019s character, which is only suggested through the film\u2019s montage. The mother, Ruth, is emotionally attached to the artwork her son produced while living underground. It is one of the few belongings of their son they still possess (Homewood, \u201cMaking Invisble History\u201d 240). During his time underground, the parents saw their son only once in 1992 and this should be their last encounter (Veiel, \u201cBlack Box BRD\u201d 41). They spent some days with Grams and his girlfriend Birgit Hogefeld, who appears in the film only twice, in a mug shot and in a black and white photograph that the director blended into the background while his film narrates the secret encounter between the parents and their son. The family spoke about the \u201cnew orientation of the means and goals of the RAF\u201d (Veiel, \u201cBlack Box BRD\u201d 270). The parents still seem to hope for an <em>Aussteigen<\/em> (a pulling out of the RAF), even though the viewer implicitly understands that the engagement in the RAF is a dead end; an <em>Aussteigen<\/em> in a tragic sense seems hardly possible.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Through the use of the montage of old film and photo material, as pointed out by Trnka and Griese, traditional chronological sequences become warped. Alfred Herrhausen and Werner Grams are close in terms of their date of birth, 1925 and 1930 respectively. As his close friend and former chancellor of the BRD, Helmut Kohl (from 1982 to 1998) says in the film, Herrhausen fell under the <em>\u201cGnade der sp\u00e4ten Geburt\u201d<\/em> (mercy of the late birth), that prevented him from having to participate actively in the war, although he was a student at the elite Nazi school in Feldafing (fig. 18). But since Herrhausen\u2019s appearance in the film is constructed (he is a dead, invisible body and not physically present) he seems much younger. The years between his death in 1989 and the film in 2001 leave no trace on him as they have left in real life on Grams\u2019s father, Werner.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Both Herrhausen and Grams are represented as deep, complex and eclectic characters, and both are shown in life-and-death situations (Trnka 18), an aspect that \u00d6hner critiques through stating that their \u201cunconditionality\u201d could not be compared (\u00d6hner 27). In one scene, the former president of Mexico tells about his encounter with Herrhausen and says that he advised him: \u201cOnly an alive creditor is a good creditor.\u201d<a id=\"_ednref31\" href=\"#_edn31\">[31]<\/a> One of Grams friends, Albert Eisenach, removed himself from Grams\u2019s social circle because he could not support the belief that it is \u201clegitimate to kill for an idea,\u201d because \u201cnobody has the right to judge what the right idea is.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-18_Seiler.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5803\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/?attachment_id=5803\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-18_Seiler.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,576\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Image 18_Seiler\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-18_Seiler-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5803\" title=\"Image 18_Seiler\" src=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-18_Seiler.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-18_Seiler.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-18_Seiler-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-18_Seiler-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Fig. 18<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-19_Seiler.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5804\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/?attachment_id=5804\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-19_Seiler.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,576\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Image 19_Seiler\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-19_Seiler-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5804\" title=\"Image 19_Seiler\" src=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-19_Seiler.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-19_Seiler.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-19_Seiler-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-19_Seiler-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Fig. 19<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-20_Seiler.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5805\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/?attachment_id=5805\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-20_Seiler.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,576\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Image 20_Seiler\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-20_Seiler-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5805\" title=\"Image 20_Seiler\" src=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-20_Seiler.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-20_Seiler.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-20_Seiler-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-20_Seiler-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Fig. 20<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tying these abstractions into Helmut Kohl\u2019s statement at his inauguration in 1982 (fig. 19) such as \u00d6hner does: \u201cI believe, that what lies ahead of us, also of me personally, is, with all necessity of the economic problems, first of all, an intellectual-moral challenge\u201d<a id=\"_ednref32\" href=\"#_edn32\">[32]<\/a> leads the viewer to reflect upon the concept of \u201cpatriotism\u201d (25). About Herrhausen\u2019s politics, Kohl remarks on his <em>\u201cgelebten Patriotismus\u201d<\/em> (lived patriotism). When in the following scene Gerd B\u00f6h hangs up the German flag in his arbor, it becomes obvious that patriotism is a subjective concept. Through this montage, an era of West Germany and its foundation is shown in its disruptions just as the history of twentieth-century Germany is entirely marked by disruption. Even the supposedly autonomous RAF absorbed that idea of patriotism, seeing their actions as a tool to free the people from the hypocritical state.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">However, in the film, in contrast to members of the Baader-Meinhof group, such as Andreas Baader, Wolfgang Grams as terrorist is represented autonomously. As already mentioned, Grams\u2019s girlfriend Birgit Hogefeld is almost left out of the film. This autonomy is also reflected in the absolute procedure of the murders. The third-generation killed targeted, not randomly. Therefore, as Trnka states,<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 55%;\"> (T)he only dead terrorists presented in <em>Black Box BRD<\/em> are Meins and Meinhof, whose images provide context rather than focal content, for example when we see an image of Grams in a protest march following Meins\u2019 death. Schleyer figures in the film only as a point of reference for Herrhausen\u2019s own awareness of his status as a potential object of terrorist violence, the industrialist\u2019s funeral as a state event implicitly prompts Herrhausen\u2019s request that only speakers approved by his wife and his friend and priest Pater Augustinus Heinrich Graf Henckel von Donnersmarck be allowed to speak publicly at his burial. (Trnka 11)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Through the visual reminder of the invisible, dead bodies and the former RAF generations, the tragic climax of the deaths gets established right at the beginning. Gerd B\u00f6h\u2019s interview sequence, which I already mentioned, is sharply contrasted with the three Mercedes driving along the Frankfurt skyline (fig. 20); in the background Pater Augustinus is re-phrasing what his friend Herrhausen said about the possible threat of an attack by the RAF: \u201cWe are, in the end, all in the hand of god.\u201d<a id=\"_ednref33\" href=\"#_edn33\">[33]<\/a> With this statement, the film draws a line back to the beginning. The film starts with shots of Herrhausen\u2019s and Grams\u2019s places of death.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; font-size: 1em;\">Montaged history of \u201copen wounds\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"cb-dropcap-small\">T<\/span>echnically, Herrhausen\u2019s and Grams\u2019s bodies have no point of contact. But the montage history of the BRD (FRG) constructed from the narratives that emanate from two dead bodies, serves as a \u201cmetaphor,\u201d an immaterial image, for internalized coping with the \u201ctrauma\u201d caused by the terroristic acts of the RAF (Elsaesser 21).<a id=\"_ednref34\" href=\"#_edn34\">[34]<\/a> The film poster has the subtitle \u201c<em>Der Kampf ist vorbei. <\/em><em>Die Wunden sind offen<\/em>\u201d (\u201cThe struggle is over. The wounds are open\u201d), which, according to Homewood is \u201cunderlining that, far from being a closed chapter in the history of the Federal Republic, the terrorist past still needs to be worked on\u201d (Homewood, \u201cMaking Invisible History\u201d 246). Veiel finds his position in this re-contextualization of history, and, by re-telling the story through a documentary without commentator, Veiel makes obvious the constructedness of historiography.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The film looks at the \u201cwounds,\u201d a term used by Veiel as well as the research, left in the socio-cultural collective awareness and memory by RAF terror. Berendse in his essay on the \u201creciprocity of the relationship of political violence and aesthetics\u201d speaks of the <em>\u201cWunde RAF\u201d<\/em> (\u201cwound RAF\u201d) (Berendse \u201cWunde RAF\u201d 11). Hardly any of the terrorists of the third-generation of the RAF were caught. On the film poster, the faces of Herrhausen and Grams are combined (fig. 21). The montage face has a <em>Schnittstelle<\/em> (cut surface), but it also symbolizes a reciprocal relationship between the terrorist and the victim, a consistent theme within the film. Terrorists and victims are in a relationship of dependence and live in a common sphere of threat, vulnerability and violability (Elsaesser 21). This threat involves more than victim and perpetrator; it also menaces the young democratic nation of the BRD. A \u201cdead aesthetic phenomenon\u201d guides the viewer through the reconstruction of the life scenarios (Homewood, \u201cMaking Invisible History\u201d 231).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-21_Seiler_Black_Box_BRD-Film-Poster-from-Wikipedia_Fair-Use.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5806\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/?attachment_id=5806\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-21_Seiler_Black_Box_BRD-Film-Poster-from-Wikipedia_Fair-Use.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"286,475\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Image 21_Seiler_Black_Box_BRD Film Poster from Wikipedia_Fair Use\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-21_Seiler_Black_Box_BRD-Film-Poster-from-Wikipedia_Fair-Use.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5806\" title=\"Image 21_Seiler_Black_Box_BRD Film Poster from Wikipedia_Fair Use\" src=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-21_Seiler_Black_Box_BRD-Film-Poster-from-Wikipedia_Fair-Use.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"286\" height=\"475\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-21_Seiler_Black_Box_BRD-Film-Poster-from-Wikipedia_Fair-Use.jpg 286w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-21_Seiler_Black_Box_BRD-Film-Poster-from-Wikipedia_Fair-Use-90x150.jpg 90w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-21_Seiler_Black_Box_BRD-Film-Poster-from-Wikipedia_Fair-Use-181x300.jpg 181w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 286px) 100vw, 286px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Fig. 21<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Veiel uses, as illustrated in the film poster, the \u2018body\u2019 and \u2018the wound\u2019 as political metaphors. He said in an interview on the Deutsche Welle <em>Talking German<\/em> show on documentary films that \u201cwhat interests\u201d him \u201cmost are open wounds\u201d\u2014and he explains his interest in investigating them:<a id=\"_ednref35\" href=\"#_edn35\">[35]<\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 55%;\">If you go into a wound, you find something of the body. You find something which is normally closed. And so the wound is a chance, not only to test the circulation, to try what is in, in terms of the heart and the intestines, and also how it works. What are the functions of the body? So, you have to go into the wounds. Otherwise, you are just on the surface.\u201d<a id=\"_ednref36\" href=\"#_edn36\">[36]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Grams\u2019s autonomy as a terrorist transforms him into the object that causes the \u201ctrauma\u201d: Thomas Elsaesser speaks of \u201cdas Gespenst\u201d (the ghost) in terms of the \u201cafterlife of the RAF\u201d (Elsaesser 21). Also dead bodies can speak. \u201cThe dead body of the victim\u201d is a symbol of a \u201cspeechless sign,\u201d \u201cwhile the moribund body of the terrorist becomes a weapon\u201d (Zeller 203). The strict division between perpetrators and victims is dissolved in this dependency (Homewood, \u201cMaking Invisible History Visible\u201d 238). Soon it becomes obvious; the life scenarios of both illustrate the motto of the generation of 68: \u201cThe Personal is Political\u201d (Colvin 50).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The RAF members themselves used the body metaphor to convey their \u201cbelief of the collective\u201d (Berendse \u201cKampf dem Leviathan\u201d 219) in the phrase \u201cThe body is the weapon.\u201d<a id=\"_ednref37\" href=\"#_edn37\">[37]<\/a> Gudrun Ensslin, along with Andreas Baader and Ulrike Meinhof, one of the main RAF terrorists of the 1<sup>st<\/sup> generation, said: \u201cThe body that is the weapon is the collective, nothing else.\u201d<a id=\"_ednref38\" href=\"#_edn38\">[38]<\/a><a id=\"_ednref39\" href=\"#_edn39\">[39]<\/a> The individual in this ideology is only a part that needs to obey commands, since it dissolves in the collective (Colvin 116). The RAF ideology was very much focused on the body. The state was \u201cpersonalized\u201d; they wanted \u201cto rip the mask from the leviathan\u2019s face\u201d (Berendse, \u201cKampf dem Leviathan\u201d 215). They dehumanized police officers by calling them <em>Schweine<\/em>, (pigs) and <em>Bullen<\/em>, (bulls) (Colvin 125). But the statement of Roswitha Blei, Grams\u2019 girlfriend in the 70s, also shows the discontinuities within the left-wing scene: \u201cIt was hard for me to distinguish so strictly between \u2018the pigs\u2019 and \u2018the good revolutionaries.\u2019 But I considered that to be a mistake on my behalf.\u201d<a id=\"_ednref40\" href=\"#_edn40\">[40]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">How does the film symbolize the past through the \u2018body\u2019 metaphor? How do bodies become dangerous or endangered?<a id=\"_ednref41\" href=\"#_edn41\">[41]<\/a> What is behind the individual\u2019s decision to embrace terror as a political tool? How did Herrhausen come into the sights of the RAF rifle? Trnka analyzes possible forms of protest and situates them in the context of the positioning of a human body in the public space:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 55%;\">Forms of violent and nonviolent political protest that drew increasingly on the artistic forms of the avant-garde tradition and situationism\u2014especially the happening\u2014relied on physical bodies marked as different from or disruptive of larger social contexts in which they sought to intervene. Film as a medium may be particularly suited to convey both acts of highly stylized physical violence aimed at disrupting public spectacle and ideal images of the spectacle itself. When, for example, the viewer experiences the sequence of commune\u2014street fight\u2014ex-militant \/ isolated garden cabin\u2014elite \/ social golf and country club, then disruption, deliberate disorder, and violent confrontation are visually and aurally juxtaposed to the larger social context to which they ostensibly respond. (25\u201326)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The film depicts a variety of possible positioning of bodies in the public space and political sphere and probes the interdependency of the private and the political. That people\u2019s individual political decisions would lead to larger consequences, that i.e. the street riots in Frankfurt would result in three generations of RAF, could not have been foreseen (fig. 22). But when former chancellor Helmut Schmidt (from 1974 to 1982) appealed to the German citizens after the death of Holger Meins in Stammheim, it became obvious that this struggle was not just between the RAF and the state, but involved every individual citizen within the nation and that every citizen must choose a side, seemingly for the nation or against it (fig. 23):<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 55%;\">Every social democrat has to mourn every death that is caused by an ideology of blind hatred. [\u2026] And, after all that the members of this group did to the citizens of our country, it is not permissible, as long as they are awaiting trial, to accommodate them in convalescent home. They have to take on the inconveniences of a prison.<a id=\"_ednref42\" href=\"#_edn42\">[42]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-22_Seiler.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5807\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/?attachment_id=5807\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-22_Seiler.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,576\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Image 22_Seiler\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-22_Seiler-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5807\" title=\"Image 22_Seiler\" src=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-22_Seiler.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-22_Seiler.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-22_Seiler-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-22_Seiler-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Fig. 22<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-23_Seiler.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5808\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/?attachment_id=5808\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-23_Seiler.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,576\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Image 23_Seiler\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-23_Seiler-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5808\" title=\"Image 23_Seiler\" src=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-23_Seiler.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-23_Seiler.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-23_Seiler-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-23_Seiler-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Fig. 23<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-24_Seiler.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5809\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/?attachment_id=5809\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-24_Seiler.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,576\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Image 24_Seiler\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-24_Seiler-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5809\" title=\"Image 24_Seiler\" src=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-24_Seiler.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-24_Seiler.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-24_Seiler-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-24_Seiler-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Fig. 24<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The film begins with the iconic image of the burned Mercedes in which Herrhausen was killed (fig. 24). The cars were supposed to protect Herrhausen from possible attacks, but he ends up dying in one of them. Both Grams\u2019 and Herrhausen\u2019s fate appears in the form of three dark Mercedes that appear throughout the film repeatedly. Their ride also reminds the audience of the train at the end of the film\u2014a link to the train station in Bad Kleinen where Grams died. Synchronically with the narration of Traudl Herrhausen about how her husband died, at the beginning of the film, Rainer Grams, the brother of Wolfgang, retraces the path his brother took at the train station in Bad Kleinen. He shows the spectator the train tracks on which his brother died (fig. 25).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">As Veiel in an interview states, \u201cI only make offers with my film, and the projection surface is large enough for various imaginings. [\u2026] BLACK BOX BRD is a film about the present\u201d<a id=\"_ednref43\" href=\"#_edn43\">[43]<\/a> (Volk 19), the film ends aesthetically with the same message it started with: <em>Aussteigen<\/em> (getting out) is not possible, neither for Herrhausen or Grams nor the contemporaries related to them, nor for the citizens of the BRD, as chancellor Helmut Schmidt stated in his speech, nor for Germany today. In the last scene, the director films from a moving train, showing the landscape. When the train nears the city, a voice in the background gives the announcement: \u201cWe are shortly arriving in Bad Kleinen.\u201d Before, however, the train arrives at a full stop, before <em>Aussteigen<\/em> would even be an option, the closing credits begin to roll, again merging the two life scenarios, again reminding, that the case is unresolved.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">On May 7, 2001, five days before the film release (Veiel, \u201cBlack Box BRD\u201d 279), the third-generation RAF almost seemed to take shape, when \u201cby virtue of new DNA-testing technology the \u2018Bundeskriminalamt\u2019 (BKA) revealed that a hair found at the scene [of the killing of Detlef Rohwedder] purportedly belonged to Wolfgang Grams, thus linking him to the killing\u201d (Homewood. \u201cMaking Invisible History\u201d 238). The BKA, though, did not name Grams as a suspect, since the finding was not considered to be sufficient evidence (279).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-25_Seiler.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5810\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/?attachment_id=5810\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-25_Seiler.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,576\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Image 25_Seiler\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-25_Seiler-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5810\" title=\"Image 25_Seiler\" src=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-25_Seiler.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-25_Seiler.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-25_Seiler-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-25_Seiler-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Fig. 25<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-26_Seiler.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5811\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/?attachment_id=5811\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-26_Seiler.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,576\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Image 26_Seiler\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-26_Seiler-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5811\" title=\"Image 26_Seiler\" src=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-26_Seiler.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-26_Seiler.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-26_Seiler-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-26_Seiler-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Fig. 26<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-27_Seiler.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5812\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/?attachment_id=5812\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-27_Seiler.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,576\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Image 27_Seiler\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-27_Seiler-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5812\" title=\"Image 27_Seiler\" src=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-27_Seiler.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-27_Seiler.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-27_Seiler-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-27_Seiler-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Fig. 27<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the closing scene, the film, through the aesthetic tool of the montage, wraps up the idea of the <em>Leerstelle<\/em>, a term Winfried Pauleit uses to describe the representations of \u201cpolitics in German film today\u201d (Pauleit 14). It is the \u201cgap,\u201d the \u201cblind spots\u201d (Griese 166) that allow presenting and constructing the figures of Herrhausen and Grams both in contrast and in parallel (fig. 26). The montage narratives are aesthetically tied together in the elaborated motif of the <em>Aussteigen <\/em>(getting out). This becomes obvious in little details like the gaunt male figures in the painting in front of which Hilmar Kopper is portrayed or the ship on the tapestry that Grams\u2019 mother is holding on to, as well as in the mentioned closing scene when the spectator is taken on a train ride while the train announcement reports the impending arrival in Bad Kleinen. The screen then turns black, and a last statement appears: \u201cHerrhausen\u2019s assassination, as well as nine additional murders between 1983 and 1994, have never been solved\u201d<a id=\"_ednref44\" href=\"#_edn44\">[44]<\/a> (fig. 27). The viewer has to face the human demand for answers and clarification for facts to solve the dissonances, since the film offers no \u201ccompletion, closure and truth\u201d (Homewood \u201cMaking Invisible History\u201d 244). Understanding violence is much easier when the roles of victim and perpetrator are clear. This highlights the power of images to convey and to pass on images-imaginations. The film is offering a montaged set of images that leave the viewer with this uneasiness of not having cathartic answers to what may or may not have happened (Palfreyman 33), as Veiel refers to this state as a contract: \u201cIt is about credibility, no more or less. About the contract between myself as the filmmaker and the audience.\u201d<a id=\"_ednref45\" href=\"#_edn45\">[45]<\/a><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Works Cited<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Assmann, Aleida. <em>Einf\u00fchrung in die Kulturwissenschaft. Grundbegriffe, Themen, Fragestellungen<\/em>. Berlin: Erich Schmidt Verlag, 2011. Print.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Assmann, Jan. <em>Cultural memory and early civilization: writing, remembrance, and political Imagination<\/em>. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. Print.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Berendse, Jan-Gerrit. \u201cDie Wunde RAF: Zur Reziprozit\u00e4t von Fiktion und Terrorismus im Spiegel der neuesten Sekund\u00e4rliteratur.\u201d <em>seminar <\/em>47.1 (February 2011): 10\u201326, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.muse.jhu.edu\">www.muse.jhu.edu<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8212;. \u201cKampf dem Leviathan, oder <em>Kool Killer<\/em> in Stammheim.\u201d <em>Die (k)alte Sachlichkeit<\/em>: <em>Herkunft <\/em><em>und Wirkungen eines Konzepts.<\/em> Eds. Moritz Bassler [et al.]. W\u00fcrzburg: K\u00f6nigshausen und Neumann GmbH, 2004, 211-221. Print.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Biehl-Missal, Brigitte. <em>Wirtschafts\u00e4sthetik. Wie Unternehmen die Kunst als Inspiration und Werkzeug benutzen<\/em>. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 2011. Print.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Christiansen, Frank.<\/em><em> \u201c<\/em>Rohwedder-Mord: Neue Spur f\u00fchrt zu RAF-Terrorist Grams.\u201d <em>Spiegel Online<\/em>. 15 May 2011. http:\/\/www.spiegel.de\/politik\/deutschland\/rohwedder-mord-neue-spur-fuehrt-zu-raf-terrorist-grams-a-134242.html, 09\/03\/13.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Colvin, Sarah. <em>Ulrike Meinhof and West German Terrorism. Language, Violence, and Identity<\/em>. Rochester: Camden House, 2009.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Elsaesser, Thomas. <em>Terror und Trauma. Zur Gewalt des Vergangenen in der BRD<\/em>. Berlin: Kulturverlag Kadmos, 2007. Print.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Gerhardt, Christina. \u201cNarrating Terrorism: Kristina Konrad\u2019s Gro\u00dfe Freiheit, kleine Freiheit (2000).\u201d <em>seminar <\/em>47.1 (February 2011): 64\u201380, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.muse.jhu.edu\">www.muse.jhu.edu<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Griese, Anne-Kathrin. \u201cDer famili\u00e4re Blick. Andreas Veiel Black Box BRD &amp; Christoph Hein In seiner fr\u00fchen Kindheit ein Garten.\u201d <em>NachBilder der RAF. Literatur-Kultur-Geschlecht.<\/em> Eds. Inge Stephan und Alexandra Tacke. Kleine Reihe, Band 24, K\u00f6ln: B\u00f6hlau Verlag, 2008, 165\u201380. Print.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Gugutzer, Robert. <em>Soziologie des K\u00f6rpers<\/em>. Bielefeld: transcript, 2004. Print.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Haberlander, Michael. &#8220;Die Guten und die B\u00f6sen.\u201c <em>artechock<\/em>. http:\/\/www.artechock.de\/film\/text\/kritik\/b\/blbobr.htm, 09\/03\/13.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hake, Sabine. <em>German National Cinema.<\/em> Second Edition. New York: Routledge, (2002) 2008. Print.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hayward, Susan. <em>Cinema Studies. The Key Concepts.<\/em> Third Edition. New York: Routledge, (1996, 2000) 2006.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hilgers, Micha: \u201cDie Radikalisierung des Gewissens. Von der Generalisierung des Ressentiments: Die RAF-Protagonisten als totalit\u00e4re Pers\u00f6nlichkeiten.\u201d<em> Frankfurter Rundschau.<\/em>18 Sept. 2007. http:\/\/www.fr-online.de\/spezials\/raf-protagonisten-die-radikalisierung-des-gewissens,1472610,2708748.html, 09\/03\/13<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Homewood, Chris. \u201cMaking Invisible Memory Visible: Communicative Memory and Taboo in Andres Veiel&#8217;s Black Box Brd.\u201d <em>Baader-Meinhof Returns: History and Cultural Memory of German Left-Wing Terrorism<\/em>. Eds. Berendse, Gerrit-Jan, and Ingo Cornils. Amsterdam: Rodopi 2008, 231\u201350.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8212;. \u201cChallenging the taboo: the memory of West Germany\u2019s terrorist past in Andres Veiel\u2019s <em>Black Box BRD<\/em> (2001).\u201d <em>New Cinemas: Journal of Contemporary Film <\/em>Volume 5: 2, 2007, doi: 10.1386\/ncin.5.2.115\/1, 115\u201326.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cInterview mit Andres Veiel\u201d <em>Das Wissensportal der deutschen Filmakademie <\/em>(Knowledge Portal of the German Film Academy)<em>. <\/em>http:\/\/www.vierundzwanzig.de\/regie_dokumentarfilm\/interview_mit_andres_veiel, 09\/03\/13.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kellerhoff, Sven Felix. \u201cBad Kleinen\u2014die \u2018Exekution\u2019 war ein Medienskandal.\u201d <em>Die Welt<\/em>. 27 June 23 2013. http:\/\/www.welt.de\/geschichte\/article117494112\/Bad-Kleinen-die-Exekution-war-ein-Medienskandal.html, 12\/12\/13.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Moser, Thomas. \u201cAndreas Veiel. Black Box BRD. Alfred Herrhausen, die Deutsche Bank, die RAF und Wolfgang Grams.\u201c <em>Deutschlandfunk<\/em>. Online Review. 23 Dec. 2002. http:\/\/www.dradio.de\/dlf\/sendungen\/politischeliteratur\/131670\/, 09\/03\/13<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">O\u2019Brien, Mary-Elizabeth. <em>Post-Wall German Cinema and National History. Utopianism and Dissent<\/em>. Rochester: Camden House, 2012. Print.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00d6hner, Vr\u00e4\u00e4th. \u201cWas ist eine &gt;Black box&lt;? Vom Verschwinden des Politschen.\u201d <em>\u00c4sthetik &amp; Kommunikation, Politik im deutschen Kino<\/em>. Heft 117, 33. Jahrgang, Berlin: \u00c4sthetik &amp; Kommunikation e. V., 2002: 21\u201328. Print.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pauleit, Winfried. \u201cPolitik im deutschen Kino heute. Dialoge, Leerstellen und Lekt\u00fcren im Kaffeesatz.\u201c, <em>\u00c4sthetik &amp; Kommunikation, Politik im deutschen Kino<\/em>. Heft 117, 33. Jahrgang, Berlin: \u00c4sthetik &amp; Kommunikation e. V., 2002: 12\u201314. Print.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Palfreyman, Rachel. \u201cThe fourth generation: legacies of violence as quest for identity in post-unification terrorism films (2001).\u201d <em>German Cinema Since Unification.<\/em>Ed. Clarke, David. London New York: continuum, 2006. Print.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Passmore, Leith. <em>Ulrike Meinhof and the Red Army Faction. Performing Terrorism<\/em>. New York: palgrave macmillan, 2011. Print.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Peters, Butz. <em>Der letzte Mythos der RAF. Das Desaster von Bad Kleinen &#8211; Wer erschoss Wolfgang Grams?<\/em> Berlin: Ullstein, 2006. Print.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Preece, Julian. <em>Baader-Meinhof and the Novel. Narratives of the Nation \/ Fantasies of the Revolution, 1970-2010<\/em>. New York: palgrave macmillan, 2012. Print.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Schmincke, Imke. <em>Gef\u00e4hrliche K\u00f6rper an gef\u00e4hrlichen Orten. Eine Studie zum Verh\u00e4ltnis von K\u00f6rper, Raum und Marginalisierung<\/em>. Bielefeld: transcipt, 2009. Print.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sontheimer, Michael: &#8220;Der Schl\u00fcssel zum RAF-Code.\u201c <em>taz.de<\/em>. 10 Apr. 2010. http:\/\/www.taz.de\/1\/archiv\/digitaz\/artikel\/?ressort=pb&amp;dig=2010\/04\/10\/a0040&amp;cHash=4f63315b2f, 09\/03\/13.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Trnka, Jamie H. \u201c\u2018The Struggle Is Over, the Wounds Are Open\u2019: Cinematic Tropes, History, and the RAF in Recent German Film.\u201d <em>New German Critique<\/em> 34.2 (2007): 1\u201326. <a href=\"http:\/\/ngc.dukejournals.org\/\">http:\/\/ngc.dukejournals.org\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ullrich, Wolfgang (Ed.). <em>Macht zeigen. Kunst als Herrschaftsstrategie. Eine Ausstellung des Deutschen Historischen Museums Berlin<\/em>, Deutsches Historisches Museum: Berlin 2010.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Veiel, Andres. <em>Black Box BRD<\/em>. Deutschland: Zero Film GmbH, 2001.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>&#8212;. Black Box BRD. Alfred Herrhausen, die Deutsche Bank, die RAF und Wolfgang Gram.<\/em> Stuttgart \/ M\u00fcnchen: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 2002. Print.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8212;. <em>Deutsche Welle TV. Andres Veiel | Film Maker (in English)<\/em> http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SRAJ6oNAWL8, 09\/15\/13.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8212;. <em>Andreas Veiel on documentary film\u2014cine-fils.com (in German, with English subtitle)<\/em>. http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ziAocSANrFw, 09\/15\/13.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Volk, Stefan. <em>Black Box BRD. Filmheft<\/em> von Stefan Volk, Filmheft der Bundeszentrale f\u00fcr politische Bildung (BpB), Augsburg 2001. Print.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Zeller, Christoph. <em>\u00c4sthetik des Authentischen. Literatur und Kunst um 1970<\/em>. Berlin \/ New York: Walter de Gruyter GmbH &amp; Co, 2010. Print.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cNach 18 Jahren: Ex-Raf-Mitglied Hogefeld aus Haft entlassen.\u201d Spiegel Online. 21 June 2011. http:\/\/www.spiegel.de\/politik\/deutschland\/nach-18-jahren-ex-raf-mitglied-hogefeld-aus-haft-entlassen-a-769730.html, 12\/12\/13.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 1em; font-weight: bold;\">Image Notes<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(Images 1-20, 22-27 are screenshots, Image 21: Film Poster http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Black_Box_BRD.jpg)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Veiel, Andres; <em>Black Box BRD<\/em>. Zero Film GmbH: Deutschland 2001.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1: Alfred Herrhausen<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2: Wolfgang Grams<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3: Anne Koch<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4: Paul Brandt<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">5: Gerd B\u00f6h<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">6: Traudl Herrhausen<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">7:\u00a0 Traudl and Alfred Herrhausen, 1974, Texas, USA<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">8: Herrhausen\u2019s testament from 1977<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">9: Werner Grams<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">10: Gerd B\u00f6h<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">11: Hilmar Kopper<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">12: Frankfurt Financial District<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">13. Ruth and Werner Grams<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">14. Deutsche Bank meeting<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">15: \u00a0Edition of <em>Tagesschau <\/em>(News on TV) from February 15, 1987<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">16. Wolfgang Grams \u2013 archive footage<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">17: Ruth Grams with the tapestry of her son<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">18:\u00a0 Herrhausen, 1942, in Feldafing<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">19: Helmut Kohl, 1982<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">20: Frankfurt skyline \u2013 reappearing Mercedes<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">21:\u00a0 Film Poster<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">22: Street Riots in Frankfurt<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">23: Helmut Schmidt, 1974<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">24: Car Wreck in which Herrhausen died<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">25: Grams\u2019s brother Rainer at the train station in Bad Kleinen<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">26: Closing scene<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">27: End of the documentary<\/p>\n<h4><strong>End Notes<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn1\" href=\"#_ednref1\">[1]<\/a> I would like to thank Luanne Dagley for her thoughts and help in reading and editing my paper.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn2\" href=\"#_ednref2\">[2]<\/a> <em>Black Box BRD: Filmheft<\/em> von Stefan Volk, Filmheft der Bundeszentrale f\u00fcr politische Bildung (BpB), (<em>Black Box Germany:<\/em> Film Journal by Stefan Volk, Film Journal of the German Federal Agency for Civil Education), Augsburg 2001<em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn3\" href=\"#_ednref3\">[3]<\/a> According to recent remembrance debates, what finds its way into a society\u2019s well of \u201ccollective memory\u201d are not just historical facts, but rather a \u201cshared and remembered memory filter\u201d, as Jan Assmann states (Jan Assmann 2011, 5-11). Chris Homewood refers in his research on the film on Assmann\u2019 \u201ctheory of communicative and cultural memory\u201d (Homewood, \u201cMaking Invisible History Visible\u201d 233) and interprets the films approach as a contribution to \u201cbreak an ostensible taboo namely a \u2018them and us\u2019 ideological deadlock\u201d (213) and therefore to \u201cdepolarize the victim\/perpetrator dichotomy\u201d (238).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn4\" href=\"#_ednref4\">[4]<\/a> Veiel, under the same title, also published a book about his film research, which provides additional background information, for example the RAF letters in which they claim responsibility. Also the book connects chronological coherencies; the book makes much more obvious that Herrhausen officially was on the list of the RAF and that the <em>Bundeskriminalamt<\/em> (Federal Criminal Police Office) might have failed with their provided personal security service. Since my paper traces how the images in the film reconstruct \u201cinternal structures of both RAF and Deutsche Bank\u201d, equally of the BRD, I draw upon Veiels material that he gathered beyond the film.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn5\" href=\"#_ednref5\">[5]<\/a> \u201c<em>Black Box BRD<\/em> stands out because of <em>how<\/em> it accomplishes the shift away from the first- and second-generation RAF members, Berlin countercultures 1977, and Stuttgart Stammheim and <em>which<\/em> previously unheard narratives it introduces the cinematic history and memory of the RAF. By focusing on Frankfurt as the narrative center of his documentary, Veiel opens up a broader set of historical relations and events than is typical of accounts of German terrorism\u201d (Trnka 10).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn6\" href=\"#_ednref6\">[6]<\/a> Claim of responsibility of the RAF: <em>\u201eAm 30.11.1989 haben wir Alfred Herrhausen \u2026 hingerichtet. <\/em><em>Durch die Geschichte der Deutschen Bank zieht sich eine Blutspur zweier Weltkriege und millionenfacher Ausbeutung, und in dieser Kontinuit\u00e4t regierte Herrhausen an der Spitze dieses Machtzentrums der deutschen Wirtschaft [&#8230;]. Herrhausens Pl\u00e4ne gegen die L\u00e4nder in der Dritten Welt, die selbst in linksintellektuellen Kreisen als humanit\u00e4re Fortschrittskonzepte gepriesen werden, sind nichts anderes als der Versuch, die bestehenden Herrschafts- und Auspl\u00fcnderungsverh\u00e4ltnisse l\u00e4ngerfristig zu sichern &#8230;\u201c<\/em> (Veiel 263). (\u201cOn the 30<sup>th<\/sup> of November ,1989, we \u2026 assassinated Alfred Herrhausen. A trail of blood stemming from two World Wars and the exploitation of millions runs throughout the history of the Deutsche Bank. In this continuity, Herrhausen reigned as the head of this center of power in the German economy [&#8230;]. Herrhausen\u2019s plans for the Third World countries, some of which were even praised among the leftist intellectuals as progress, are nothing more than the attempt to secure existing conditions of power and exploitation on a long-term basis.\u201d) All translations into English, unless otherwise stated, are my own.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn7\" href=\"#_ednref7\">[7]<\/a> I use the term \u201cmontage\u201d according to Susan Haywards definition: \u201cMontage creates a third meaning through the collision of two images.\u201d (Hayward 112). Jamie H. Trnka, Rachel Palfreyman also use the term in the context of the film, as well as Stefan Volk.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn8\" href=\"#_ednref8\">[8]<\/a> Jamie H. Trnka points out, \u201cthe tension between aesthetics of film form and the politics of personal and public memory\u201d (Trnka 1).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn9\" href=\"#_ednref9\">[9]<\/a> See exemplary: Berendse 2011, 19, and Griese, 170.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn10\" href=\"#_ednref10\">[10]<\/a> See exemplary: Sven Felix Kellerhoff. \u201cBad Kleinen &#8211;\u00a0 die \u201cExekution\u201c war ein Medienskandal.\u201c http:\/\/www.welt.de\/geschichte\/article117494112\/Bad-Kleinen-die-Exekution-war-ein-Medienskandal.html, 12\/12\/2013.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn11\" href=\"#_ednref11\">[11]<\/a> See Volk on the commenting function of the montage (15).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn12\" href=\"#_ednref12\">[12]<\/a> Griese analyzes the film in terms of familial relationships (167).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn13\" href=\"#_ednref13\">[13]<\/a> \u201cErkl\u00e4rung: Ich, der unterzeichnende Alfred Herrhausen, Solingen Schloss Kaspersbroich, erkl\u00e4re: F\u00fcr den Fall meiner Entf\u00fchrung bitte ich auf unverantwortliche Erpressungen, die sich gegen den demokratischen Rechtsstaat der Bundesrepublik richten, nicht einzugehen. Solingen, den 11. September 1977.\u201d Alfred Herrhausen (quoted according to Veiel 2002, 118, in the main text my translation into English).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn14\"><\/a>[14] The film plot and the set of events are narrated according to Veiel\u2019s accompanying book.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn15\" href=\"#_ednref15\">[15]<\/a>\u201eNach 18 Jahren: Ex-Raf-Mitglied Hogefeld aus Haft entlassen\u201c, http:\/\/www.spiegel.de\/politik\/deutschland\/nach-18-jahren-ex-raf-mitglied-hogefeld-aus-haft-entlassen-a-769730.html, 12\/12\/13.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn16\" href=\"#_ednref16\">[16]<\/a> Haberlander, Michael: <em>Die Guten und die B\u00f6sen<\/em>, http:\/\/www.artechock.de\/film\/text\/kritik\/b\/blbobr.htm.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn17\" href=\"#_ednref17\">[17]<\/a> Andreas Veiel on documentary film \u2013 cine-fils.com (in German, with English subtitle): <a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ziAocSANrFw\">http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ziAocSANrFw<\/a>, 09\/15\/13.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn18\" href=\"#_ednref18\">[18]<\/a> No coincidence: Veiel has s degree in psychology (ibid.)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn19\" href=\"#_ednref19\">[19]<\/a> Also, Homewood points out the connection to a certain \u201cGerman idealism\u201d (Homewood \u201cChallenging the Taboo\u201d 123).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn20\" href=\"#_ednref20\">[20]<\/a> See also (Homewood \u201cMaking Invisible History Visible\u201d 242-243) for his contextualization of the scene.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn21\" href=\"#_ednref21\">[21]<\/a> \u201c\u00bbWenn sogar du das nicht mittr\u00e4gst, wenn sogar du zweifelst, wenn sogar du mich verl\u00e4sst, dann wei\u00df ich nicht, wie das weitergehen soll\u00ab\u201d (Veiel \u201cBlack Box BRD\u201d 114).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn22\" href=\"#_ednref22\">[22]<\/a> \u201c\u00bbIch m\u00f6chte Sie heiraten!\u00ab\u201d (Veiel \u201cBlack Box BRD\u201d 114) And she answered: \u201cSie spinnen ja. Sie sind ja verheiratet.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn23\" href=\"#_ednref23\">[23]<\/a>\u201cDass ich bei der Waffen-SS war, das war wie ein innerer Zwang.\u201c<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn24\" href=\"#_ednref24\">[24]<\/a> \u201cMan hatte ihm praktisch Symphatisantenszene vorgeworfen, und Kurierdienste und sogar soll er Waffen transportiert haben. Da hab ich dann zu ihm gesagt. [&#8230;] Wolfgang, es ist deine Entscheidung, was du in deinem Leben tust, aber auf alle F\u00e4lle steht dir dein Elternhaus immer offen.\u201c<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn25\" href=\"#_ednref25\">[25]<\/a> \u201eDu musst jemanden so hassen, dass du ihn mit der Hand erw\u00fcrgen k\u00f6nntest\u201c (Veiel \u201cBlack Box BRD\u201d 165).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn26\" href=\"#_ednref26\">[26]<\/a> \u201cDie Gefallenen leben in unseren K\u00e4mpfen weiter [\u2026].\u201c<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn27\" href=\"#_ednref27\">[27]<\/a> Kopper portraying himself in front of this art work was discussed by Wolfgang Ulrrich in the exhibition <em>\u201cMacht zeigen. Kunst als Herrschaftsstrategie\u201d<\/em> (Showing power. Art work as hegemony strategy) in 2010 at the <em>Deutsches Historisches Museum, Berlin<\/em> (German Historical Museum).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn28\" href=\"#_ednref28\">[28]<\/a> See also: Biehl-Missal, Brigitte. <em>Wirtschafts\u00e4sthetik. Wie Unternehmen die Kunst als Inspiration und Werkzeug benutzen<\/em>, Gabler Verlag: Wiesbaden 2011, 104.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn29\" href=\"#_ednref29\">[29]<\/a> Thomas Moser: http:\/\/www.dradio.de\/dlf\/sendungen\/politischeliteratur\/131670\/, 09\/15\/13.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn30\" href=\"#_ednref30\">[30]<\/a> \u201c[&#8230;] Veiel problematizes the dominant cultural perception of the organization in which Wolfgang Grams is reduced to the level of his image on the \u201aFahndungsplakaten\u2018[&#8230;] Through the use of photo-fit technology, the 15 February 1987 edition of Tagesschau, included in the film, goes on to detail the ways in which Grams may have changed his appearance to evade capture\u201c (Homewood \u201cMaking Invisible History Visible\u201d 240).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn31\" href=\"#_ednref31\">[31]<\/a> \u201cNur ein lebendiger Gl\u00e4ubiger ist ein guter Gl\u00e4ubiger.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn32\" href=\"#_ednref32\">[32]<\/a> &#8220;Ich glaube, dass das was auf uns zukommt, auch auf mich pers\u00f6nlich, bei aller Notwendigkeit der \u00f6konomischen Probleme, zun\u00e4chst eine geistig-moralische Herausforderung ist.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn33\" href=\"#_ednref33\">[33]<\/a> \u201cWir sind letztlich alle in der Hand Gottes.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn34\" href=\"#_ednref34\">[34]<\/a> See also: Elsaesser, Thomas. <em>Terror und Trauma. Zur Gewalt des Vergangenen in der BRD<\/em>, Kulturverlag Kadmos: Berlin 2007.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn35\" href=\"#_ednref35\">[35]<\/a> Deutsche Welle TV. Andres Veiel | Film Maker. http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SRAJ6oNAWL8, 09\/15\/13.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn36\" href=\"#_ednref36\">[36]<\/a> idib.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn37\" href=\"#_ednref37\">[37]<\/a> \u201eDer K\u00f6rper ist die Waffe.\u201c<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn38\" href=\"#_ednref38\">[38]<\/a> \u201eDer K\u00f6rper, der die Waffe ist, ist das Kollektiv, eine Einheit, sonst nix.\u201c<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn39\" href=\"#_ednref39\">[39]<\/a> Hilgers, Micha: Die Radikalisierung des Gewissens. Von der Generalisierung des Ressentiments: Die RAF-Protagonisten als totalit\u00e4re Pers\u00f6nlichkeiten. http:\/\/www.fr-online.de\/spezials\/raf-protagonisten-die-radikalisierung-des-gewissens,1472610,2708748.html, 09\/15\/13.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn40\" href=\"#_ednref40\">[40]<\/a> <em>\u201cMir ist es schwer gefallen, so klar einzuteilen in &gt;die Schweine&lt; und &gt;die guten Revolution\u00e4re&lt;. Aber das habe ich eher als einen Fehler von mir angesehen\u201c <\/em>(Veiel \u201cBlack Box BRD\u201d 108).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn41\" href=\"#_ednref41\">[41]<\/a> See Schmincke (2009) and Gugutzer (2011).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn42\" href=\"#_ednref42\">[42]<\/a> \u201cJeder Sozialdemokrat muss jedes Todesopfer beklagen, das als Konsequenz blindw\u00fctiger Ideologie erbracht wird. [\u2026] Und nach alledem, was die Angeh\u00f6rigen dieser Gruppe B\u00fcrgern unseres Landes angetan haben, ist es allerdings nicht ang\u00e4ngig sie, solange sie ihren Prozess erwarten, im Erholungsheim unterzubringen. Sie m\u00fcssen schon die Unbequemlichkeiten eines Gef\u00e4ngnisses auf sich nehmen\u201c (Veiel \u201cBlack Box BRD\u201d 88).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn43\" href=\"#_ednref43\">[43]<\/a> \u201cIch mache nur Angebote mit meinem Film, und die Projektionsfl\u00e4che ist gro\u00df genug f\u00fcr verschiedene Vorstellungen. [&#8230;] BLACK BOX BRD ist ein Film \u00fcber die Gegenwart\u201d (Volk, 19). Quoted by Volk according to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.black-box-brd\">www.black-box-brd<\/a>, (Talk with Annette Sch\u00e4fer).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn44\" href=\"#_ednref44\">[44]<\/a> <em>\u201cDas Attentat auf Alfred Herrhausen und neun weitere Anschl\u00e4ge aus den Jahren 1984 bis 1993 sind bis heute nicht aufgekl\u00e4rt.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"_edn45\" href=\"#_ednref45\">[45]<\/a> Andreas Veiel on documentary film \u2013 cine-fils.com (in German, with English subtitle): http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ziAocSANrFw, 09\/15\/13.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">This article is licensed under a\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/deed.en_US\">Creative Commons 3.0 License<\/a> although certain works referenced herein may be separately licensed, or the author has exercised their right to fair dealing\u00a0under the\u00a0Canadian\u00a0Copyright Act.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/88x31-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"Copyright Information\" src=\"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/88x31-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"88\" height=\"31\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>5-2 | Table of Contents\u00a0| http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.17742\/IMAGE.TGVC.5-2.2 |\u00a0Seiler PDF Anja Katharina Seiler | The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Aussteigen (getting out) Impossible\u2014Montage and Life Scenarios in Andres Veiel\u2019s Film Black Box BRD Introduction[1]\u2014What is in the \u2018black box\u2019? he RAF (Red Army Faction) proclaimed its self-dissolution in March 1998. The almost twenty-eight year revolution took its [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4062,"featured_media":5800,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[108,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5777","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-terrorism-in-german-visual-culture-5-2","category-article","wpautop"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Image-15_Seiler.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p707hj-1vb","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5777","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4062"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5777"}],"version-history":[{"count":23,"href":"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5777\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8655,"href":"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5777\/revisions\/8655"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5800"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5777"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5777"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imaginations.space\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5777"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}